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| Dr.B.R. Ambedkar with Nanak Chand Rattu |
The
other day, October 14, I visited Ambedkar Bhawan in Jalandhar for a function to
observe the day Dr. Ambedkar embraced Buddhism in 1956. The function,
regrettably, turned out to be a damp squib. The only consolation was that in
the process, I could pick up two old books on Dr. B.R. Ambedkar – Reminiscences
and Remembrances of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar and Last Few Years of Dr. Ambedkar,
written/compiled/edited by his trusted and dedicated aide Nanak Chand Rattu. I
have finished reading the former.
The
book is basically a compilation of reminiscences and remembrances of a few colleagues
and associates of Dr. Ambedkar. In fact, I am somewhat disappointed as the book
could not fill the gap of information on the personal likes and dislikes and
also the day to day living of the greatest son of India in the contemporary
times. Some interesting aspects of Dr. Ambedkar’s personality have come to
light in the reminiscences under the chapter ‘Lofty Ideas and Integrity of
Character’. The written exchanges between Dr. Sharda Kabir and Babasaheb
Ambedkar before their marriage are not only interesting and informative but
also dwell on the fact that Ambedkar was as human as any simple and ordinary
man could be. Dr. Ambedkar was a man of morals and integrity. He did not accept
the proposal that Dr. Sharda Kabir who was looking after his health may
accompany and stay with him in Delhi. Dr. Ambedkar wrote to her and said, “You
were perhaps disappointed when I declined to accept your services as a nurse to
accompany me to Delhi and stay there for a month. But my whole position in public life is built
upon my reputation as a man of character and unsullied morals. If my enemies
are afraid of me and respect me it is because of this. I can never be a party
to damage it in any way.” Later, they got married and Dr. Sharda Kabir became
Dr. Savita Ambedkar. Dr. Ambedkar informed much about himself in one of his letters
to Dr. Sharda Kabir. It makes an interesting reading. He said, “I am a
difficult man. Ordinarily, I am quiet as water and humble as grass. But when I
get into temper, I am ungovernable and unmanageable. I am a man of silence.
There is charge against me that I don’t speak to women i.e. other women. But I
don’t even speak to men unless they are my intimates. I am a man of moods. At
times I am very serious. At times I am full of humour. I am no gay person;
pleasures of life do not attract me. My companions have to bear the burden of
my austerity and asceticism. My books have been my companions; they are dearer
to me than my wife and children. Morally, I am intractable and do not tolerate
any lapses from strict rules of morals.” The letter further reveals how simple
but straight a person Dr. Ambedkar was in his personal approach to family life.
He wrote, “I have recounted these facts about myself to give you some idea of
what a difficult customer you have to deal with. Evidently you are not worried
about all this. You perhaps think that as any scratching and biting cats and
dogs come together so in the same way we too by scratching and biting shall
come together. I wish you all success. While asking for some details of her
personal history, at the same time Dr. Ambedkar informed her, “I like art and
have a great sense of aesthetics. I do not like ugly things. Dr. Ambedkar
believed in youth of the country. While speaking at D.A.V. College in Jalandhar
in October, 1951, he said, “I am really very glad to talk to students. A great
lot of the future of this country must necessarily depend on students of this
country. Students are the intelligent part of the community and they can shape
the public opinion.”
In
the second part of the book i.e. the remembrances, U.R. Rao of Thacker & Company, the publishers of Dr.
Ambedkar’s books, has made candid observations under the heading ‘Dr. Ambedkar
I knew’ about the great man and his love for books. He wrote about the ‘genial
humour and urbanity of the man.’ and Dr. Ambedkar’s liking for good fountain
pens, particularly of outsize shapes. Polonius (a senior IAS Kartar Singh) wrote
about some of the likes and dislikes of Babasaheb. Books (reading, writing and collecting) was
an ‘all-absorbing passion’ for Dr. Ambedkar. He liked gardening and dogs. As
regards dislikes, Dr. Ambedkar disliked ‘political vagabonds’ of the community
and treachery of his own followers and associates. Polonius quoted Dr.
Ambedkar, “one can fight ones adversaries in a straight battle but it is
difficult to deal with the traitors in one’s own camp.” Polonius further wrote
that Dr. Ambedkar had a mind and transparent actions as “in public life I will
not do a thing which I cannot defend publically.” Yet another trusted aide of
Dr. Ambedkar, Sohan Lal Shastri, in his remembrances informed that Dr. Ambedkar
did not like intoxicants and was a frugal eater of ordinary meal of bajra roti,
rice and some fish. Another interesting entry in the remembrances is that of
M.O. Mathai, PS to PM Jawaharlal Nehru and is titled ‘A victim of obscurantism
and barbarous intolerance’. Mathai
informed that Dr. Ambedkar was not happy that Shankaracharya, ‘a desecrated
expert at logic’ drove away Buddhism from India. He was of the view that Buddha
was the greatest soul India ever produced. He also said that the greatest man
India produced in recent centuries was not Gandhi but Swami Vivekananda. It is a known fact that Mahatma Gandhi was
Dr. Ambedkar’s adversary but it is surprising to know that he recognized and
appreciated Swami Vivekananda. Many people may not know of this. Some of the remembrances
of Nanak Chand Rattu, the author of the book, reveal the state of mind of Dr.
Ambedkar in the twilight years of his life. His health was failing. His eye
sight was diminishing. He was a lonely
man in the hanging political and social scenario in the country. He was up-set
and angry with his own followers and associates. Rattu confirmed that Dr.
Ambedkar was worried and perturbed in the last years of his life. He used to
weep alone. There was no one who could give him solace. Rattu saw him weeping
many a times and with courage asked him the reason. Babasaheb did not answer.
But one day (July, 1956) he broke down and confessed everything to his trusted
aide, as recorded by Nanak Chand Rattu himself, “You people do not know what is
troubling me and what makes me so sad. The first worry to my mind is that I
have not been able to fulfill my life’s mission. I wanted to see my people as a
governing class, sharing the political power in terms of equality with other
communities……Whatever I have been able to achieve is being enjoyed by the
educated few, who with their deceitful performance, have proved to be a
worthless lot, with no sympathy with their downtrodden brethren. They have
surpassed my imagination. They live for themselves for their personal gains.
Rattu recorded that Dr. Ambedkar was worried about the books he was writing and
was very much eager to complete them with his dwindling physical conditions. He
was concerned and worried about the line of leadership of his movement after
him. Dr. Ambedkar lamented and told Rattu, “My lieutenants, in whom I had full
faith and confidence to run the movement, are fighting among themselves for
leadership and power. Both, Rattu and Babasaheb were weeping. Babasaheb
consoled Rattu and said, “Take courage, don’t get up-set, life is to come to an
end one day or the other.” The climax was yet to come as probably the last
message to his followers. Rattu recorded that after a little pause and wiping
his tears, Dr. Ambedkar said,” Tell my people, Nanak Chand, that whatever I
have been able to achieve for them, I have done it single handedly, passing
through crushing miseries and endless troubles in the midst of abuses hurled at
me from all sides, fighting with my opponents all my life as also with a
handful of my own people who deceived me for their selfish ends. But I will
continue to serve my country and any down trodden people till my end. With
great difficulty, I have brought the caravan where it is seen today. Let the
caravan march on and further on, despite the hurdles, pitfalls and difficulties
that may come its way. They must rise to the occasion, if they want to live an
honourable and respectful life. If my people are not able to take the caravan
ahead, they should leave it and must not, under any circumstances allow the
caravan to go back.” Dr. Ambedkar further said, ‘This is my message probably
the last message in all my seriousness which I am sure will not go unheeded. Go
and tell them, go and tell them, go and tell them.” He repeated thrice.
As
I said above that the book disappointed me as I expected more from Nanak Chand
Rattu who worked with Dr. Ambedkar not only as his office aide but also as a
dedicated follower for a long time from 1940 to 1956, a crucial period in the
life and mission of his master. It seems that the publishers have also not paid
much attention to the project. Nonetheless, some of the real aspects of the
life of the greatest son of India which were hitherto unknown have come to
light through the pages of the book of Nanak Chand Rattu. As regards the message,
it has gone unheeded, unfortunately. The
educated segments of the community and its leaders certainly owe an answer not
only to Dr. Ambedkar but also to the suffering masses of the country.
